• Plant extract Our current knowledge on autophagy broadly dif

  2025-01-22

  

  Our current knowledge on autophagy broadly differentiates it into three types: macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy. Macroautophagy mainly involves the sequestration of cytoplasmic contents in a double-walled membrane followed by the fusion with the lysosomes. The lysosom

• br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgements

  2025-01-22

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgements Introduction The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is an important intracellular signaling system that regulates diverse cellular functions, such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis [1]. Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (A

• The current literature clearly states that

  2025-01-22

  

  The current literature clearly states that there are no widely adopted standardized methods to determine the total antioxidant capacity of foods or biological samples. One should consider the antioxidant reaction mechanism in system to determine the most appropriate methods for the measurement. It h

• Histochemical analyses using antibody or cDNA probes reveal

  2025-01-21

  

  Histochemical analyses using antibody or cDNA probes reveal the precise cellular location of the 12S-lipoxygenases in tissues of interest. An immunohistochemical study in various rat tissues showed specific expression of the leukocyte-type 12S-lipoxygenase in macrophages in lung and spleen [27]. In

• Activation of AhR is also known to upregulate

  2025-01-21

  

  Activation of AhR is also known to upregulate the expression of AhRR (AhR repressor), an inhibitor protein of AhR [29]. However, the exact mechanism by which AhRR represses AhR signaling is not well understood. The initial study by Mimura and colleagues suggested that AhRR is capable of directly com

• APPL is highly expressed in

  2025-01-21

  

  APPL1 is highly expressed in pancreatic β cells, but its levels are significantly decreased in several mouse models of obesity and diabetes, including HFD-induced obese mice and db/db mice [6], [73], suggesting that the dysregulation of APPL1 may be associated with malfunction of the pancreas in obe

• To investigate further the clinical and

  2025-01-21

  

  To investigate further the clinical and mutational spectrum associated with -related dyskinesia, we here performed a screen in a large series of patients affected with an unexplained hyperkinetic movement disorder, resulting in the identification of 2 pediatric patients presenting with a novel pheno

• br Therapeutic advantages and clinical implications of caffe

  2025-01-21

  

  Therapeutic advantages and clinical implications of caffeine treatment in ROP The demonstration of the role of the adenosine receptor in development of ROP and protection by caffeine suggests two potential therapeutic strategies with high translational potential: a) modification of caffeine treat

• By promoting bundling and processive elongation of actin fil

  2025-01-21

  

  By promoting bundling and processive elongation of axl inhibitor filaments and inhibiting association of capping protein with filament barbed ends, Ena/VASP family proteins contribute to the dynamics of lamellipodia and filopodia [41] and maintenance of focal adhesions and tight junctions [42, 43].

• The pathogenesis of d penicillamine

  2025-01-21

  

  The pathogenesis of d-penicillamine-induced MG is not clear. The repertoire of anti-AChR 5-lipoxygenase in d-penicillamine-induced MG has been shown to be similar to that in idiopathic MG in terms of AChR antigenic regions, suggesting a common immune mechanism (Tzartos et al., 1988). About 20% of

• The presence of different LO splice variants was first

  2025-01-21

  

  The presence of different 5-LO splice variants was first demonstrated in human sodium butyrate tumour cells and in dimethyl sulfoxide-differentiated HL-60 cells [40] and a correlation between the 5-LO splicing pattern and the malignancy of the brain tumours was found. Later, other splice variants we

• Additionally regulation of GPCR heteromerization by

  2025-01-21

  

  Additionally, regulation of GPCR heteromerization by specific ligands may depend not only on the affinity of ligands for receptors, but also on presence of different interacting proteins co-localizing with the receptors in the specific cell, which may induce some conformational changes and contribut

• Finasteride was the first steroidal reductase inhibitor

  2025-01-21

  

  Finasteride (13) was the first steroidal 5α-reductase inhibitor approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1992 for treatment of BPH. In fact, long term clinical studies with this drug demonstrated a sustained reduction of the prostatic specific antigen and an overall improvement in BH

• Based on currently available knowledge autophagy supports ad

  2025-01-21

  

  Based on currently available knowledge, autophagy supports adipocytes development and differentiation. In animals with specific skeletal muscle 3-Bromo-2-ketopropionic acid of Atg7, reduced adipogenesis was shown. In rodents, autophagy was decreased in adipose tissue of animals fed with high-fat die

• Loss of virulence in ACL mutants

  2025-01-21

  

  Loss of virulence in ACL mutants may be caused by defect in vegetative growth and conidial germination, and reduced trichothecene production. However, supplement of potassium acetate restored the defects in germination rate and vegetative growth, but not virulence in wheat heads (Table 2, Fig. 2B),

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