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br HIF HIF signaling in cancer cells contributes to tumor
2023-09-09
HIF-1α HIF-1α signaling in cancer cells contributes to tumor progression by promoting angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and the recruitment of immunosuppressive cells via secreted modulators 36, 37. One example of a HIF-1α immunosuppressive pathway is through increased expression of inducible n
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br ABCA mRNA expression is elevated in Niemann Pick
2023-09-09
ABCA2 mRNA expression is elevated in Niemann-Pick type C and familial hypercholesterolemia fibroblasts Niemann-Pick Type C disease is a neurological disorder of adolescents due to autosomal-recessive mutations in either one or both Niemann-Pick-2 (NPC2) and NPC1 genes, which, like ABCA2, are loc
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br Concluding remarks Following the disappointing outcomes o
2023-09-09
Concluding remarks Following the disappointing outcomes of Aβ immunotherapy trials for AD [62], the current prevailing concept is that disease-modifying therapy must be initiated from the presymptomatic stage of the disease because of the presumed incurability of chronic diseases once they become
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br Functional consequences of ADK regulation on astrocyte fu
2023-09-09
Functional consequences of ADK regulation on astrocyte function As outlined above (see introduction), ADK critically regulates the extracellular adenosine levels in pgc-1α inhibitor (Boison, 2006, Etherington et al., 2009). Changes in the levels of adenosine, as a result of the regulation of ADK
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In another study authors found
2023-09-09
In another study, authors found that ADORA1 were present on the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion loteprednol (ipRGCs), and application of adenosine to rat retinas reduced light-evoked spiking of ipRGCs through suppression of a cAMP-mediated pathway (Sodhi and Hartwick, 2014). The ipRGCs
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It has been reported that
2023-09-09
It has been reported that 5-HT2R involves in type 2 diabetes mellitus and 5-HT-induced IR [22,23]. The present study also demonstrated that it is 5-HT2R rather than other 5-HT receptors, including 5-HT1BR and 5-HT7R, in the liver that mediates HFD-induced abnormality of hepatic lipid metabolism, and
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br The role of AMPK beyond energy homeostasis regulating met
2023-09-09
The role of AMPK beyond lamotrigine homeostasis: regulating metabolism AMPK plays a major role in glucose homeostasis by modulating glucose transport in peripheral tissues [20]. Skeletal muscle, one of the main peripheral tissues involved in glucose uptake and disposal, expresses glucose transpo
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Oxidative stress has recently been reported as
2023-09-09
Oxidative stress has recently been reported as one of the important mechanisms of toxic effect of Cd2+[43]. The mechanism of Cd2+-induced oxidative stress involves an imbalance between generation and removal of ROS in tissues and cellular components, causing damage to membranes, DNA, and proteins [4
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The subdivision of HT receptors started in
2023-09-09
The subdivision of 5-HT receptors started in the 1950s by Gaddum and colleagues, when they realised that in the guinea pig ileum, the effects of 5-HT could be blocked in part by morphine (M), and in part by dibenzyline (D). Gaddum and Picarelli proposed two receptor classes, 5-HT M and 5-HT D (1957)
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PPDA Aurora B is also very important in
2023-09-09
Aurora-B is also very important in proper cytokinesis. In the absence of Aurora-B mediated phosphorylation of Ser72 in vimentin, the two daughter cells remain attached to each other through bridges of cytoplasm; cytokinesis fails [31]. Other Aurora-B dependent proteins that are important for cytokin
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The synthetic route for the aminobenzoxazole scaffold
2023-09-09
The synthetic route for the aminobenzoxazole scaffold with a solvent accessible moiety is described in . Nitration of methoxyphenol and subsequent hydrogenation of the resulting nitro Compstatin sale afforded compound . Aminobenzoxazole was formed by the reaction of compound with BrCN in EtOH. The s
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dpni br Materials and methods br
2023-09-09
Materials and methods Results and discussion In our previous studies (Matarneh et al., 2017), mitochondria were mechanically disrupted and separated into supernatant and pellet fractions by centrifugation. The causative agent for enhnced glycolytic flux was shown to be a protein that resides i
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Of the many different types of DNA lesions DNA double
2023-09-09
Of the many different types of DNA lesions, DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) are amongst the most deleterious. It has been suggested that a single unrepaired DSB may be sufficient to induce cell death (Bennett et al., 1993), whereas misrepaired DSBs can result in loss of genetic information, potentia
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Introduction Alzheimer s disease AD is a
2023-09-08
Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurological disorder characterized by a progressive dementia resulting from synapse failure (Selkoe, 2002, Tanzi, 2005). The amyloid hypothesis maintains that the pivotal event in AD is the production of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides following the prote
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This evidence suggests the strong clinical relevance of the
2023-09-08
This evidence suggests the strong clinical relevance of the identification of acquired resistance mechanisms for a proper therapeutic decision in patients with ALK-rearranged NSCLC. When the tissue is not available, the analysis of circulating tumor DNA (cfDNA) can be a valid alternative for the det
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