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Currently ursodeoxycholic acid UDCA is the only recommended
2022-02-25
Currently, ursodeoxycholic TBCA (UDCA) is the only recommended and widely used drug in the treatment of CFLD. However, the clinical efficacy of UDCA is controversial. The most recent Cochrane review only identified a small number of trials assessing the effectiveness of UDCA [92]. The authors concl
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br AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS br ACKNOWLEDGMENTS br
2022-02-25
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Introduction Chronic neuropathic pain is a common symptom in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection. Glycoprotein 120 (gp120) is an HIV-1 protein that can cause pain behaviors in animal models (Hao, 2013, Nasirinezhad et al., 2015,
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Neurotransmitter transporters are rapidly recycled from
2022-02-25
Neurotransmitter transporters are rapidly recycled from and to the membrane. For instance, the GABA transporter GAT1 is recycled in a calcium and depolarization dependent manner. GAT1 located in the plasma membrane is internalized to a subpopulation of small vesicles different from the classical neu
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ETV plays an important role in tumorigenesis and metastasis
2022-02-25
ETV5 plays an important role in tumorigenesis and metastasis. For example, chromosomal rearrangement of ETV5 which results in increased ETV5 level is believed as a common event driving human prostate cancer (Helgeson et al., 2008; Huang and Waknitz, 2009). Ghrelin/acyl-ghrelin also plays an importan
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On the other hand histone deacetylase inhibitors
2022-02-24
On the other hand, histone deacetylase inhibitors can accelerate inflammation resolution by promoting the externalization of AnxA1, a main ALX/FPR2 agonist, with concomitant inhibition of cytokine gene expression in mouse macrophages [30]. Thus, our present results provide an additional mechanism, i
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Recently we indicated that cell motility was
2022-02-24
Recently, we indicated that cell motility was regulated by the different induction of GPR120 and GPR40 in liver epithelial WB-F344 promotion treated with chemical agents. The cell motility of WB-F344 cells was stimulated by phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) which is a potent
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br Acknowledgments This research was
2022-02-24
Acknowledgments This research was supported by the National Institutes of Health Grants GM58442 and GM084152, as well as the National Institutes of Health Predoctoral Training Grant 5T32GM008700-13. We thank Eric Oldfield (University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign) for providing the FDPS inhibitor
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Neither E nor Z FPP synthase catalyzed
2022-02-24
Neither E- nor Z-FPP synthase catalyzed the reaction between 8-THPOGPP and IPP. However, a mutant E-FPP synthase (Y81S) produced 12-THPOFPP from the substrates 8-THPOGPP and IPP, and wild-type E-FPP synthase catalyzed the reaction betweeen 8-AcOGPP and IPP producing 12-AcOFPP. Mutant E-FPP synthase
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It is well known that
2022-02-24
It is well known that TLR4-induced inflammation is associated with behavioural alterations including fever, hypolocomotion, altered appetite, anxiety and anhedonia (Dantzer, 2006, Dantzer et al., 2008). The current data demonstrate that while PF3845 potently attenuates TLR4-induced cytokines in the
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More recently the JmjC domain
2022-02-24
More recently, the JmjC domain histone H3K36 di-demethylase KDM2B/FBXL10 has also been shown to play an important role in definitive hematopoiesis [17]. Kdm2b is highly expressed in the HE, and its deletion (Tie2) caused embryonic lethality due to a precipitous drop in the number of hemogenic endoth
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While considering the molecular pathogenesis of an MPNST the
2022-02-24
While considering the molecular pathogenesis of an MPNST, the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK, mTOR/AKT, p53, and PTEN pathways associated with tumor growth have been described (McCubrey et al., 2012). The involvement of receptor tyrosine kinases such as EGFR and TAM receptor families, and its associated molecular
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GDC-0449 In conclusion re evaluation of HER status
2022-02-24
In conclusion, re-evaluation of HER2 status is necessary to determine the appropriate use of anti-HER2–targeted therapy beyond disease progression. EGFR and c-met amplification, as well as PIK3CA mutation, are rarely associated with acquired resistance. Our results highlight the importance of formal
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The biological function of NPRA is demonstrated primarily
2022-02-24
The biological function of NPRA is demonstrated primarily through the ANP/BNP-dependent GC catalytic activity of the receptor and the production of cGMP, which is regulated by several factors, including hormones, growth factors, physiological milieu, and the ligand itself [26,34,[36], [37], [38], [3
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Syringin A nitric oxide donor glyceryl trinitrite and the
2022-02-24
A nitric oxide donor, glyceryl-trinitrite, and the substrate for nitric oxide, l-arginine, have been used to treat preterm labor. However, these studies are preliminary. The beneficial effect of nitric oxide donors needs to be confirmed by more controlled studies. The probable pitfall of using nitri
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Initial experiments confirmed that RBC effectively inhibited
2022-02-24
Initial experiments confirmed that RBC8 effectively inhibited both RalA and RalB activation in an identical, dose-dependent manner following platelet stimulation with the GPVI-specific ligand, CRP (Fig. 1Ai). Non-specific, upper bands were observed when immunoblotting for activated RalB, with the sp
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