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Raloxifene is a second generation SERM that
2021-04-21
Raloxifene is a second generation SERM that has tissue-specific effects that differ from those of tamoxifen. Raloxifene was marketed for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women in the US and Europe. In a phase II randomized double-blind study, tamoxifen and raloxifene were e
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A possible explanation for these
2021-04-20
A possible explanation for these observations has been provided by a recent study showing that EWS-FLI-1 increases the Skp2-mediated 26S proteasome degradation, decreasing p27 protein stability and preventing cell senescence [42]. Mechanism of action of EWS-FLI-1 Molecular analysis has revealed
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Our observation that nuclear but not
2021-04-20
Our observation that nuclear, but not cytoplasmic EP4 expression is associated with different outcomes is interesting. In breast cancer, using the same methods, we did not detect EP4 in the nucleus of malignant pp2 whereas cytoplasmic EP4 was commonly observed [13]. While G protein-coupled receptor
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In sum although it is reasonable to assume that the
2021-04-20
In sum, although it is reasonable to assume that the activities of an enzyme on alternative (metabolically available) substrates may often depend on neutral drift, the point is difficult to prove because various types of selective pressures can be at play, and these will be different in different or
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br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgements
2021-04-20
Conflict of interest Acknowledgements We wish to thank Arantza Pérez (University of the Basque Country) for her technical contribution to this study. This work was supported by grants from the Jesús Gangoiti-Barrera Foundation, Gobierno Vasco (GIC07/84), MEC () and SAIOTEK (SA-2008/00046).
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Methacholine MCh is a bronchoconstrictive agent that
2021-04-20
Methacholine (MCh) is a bronchoconstrictive agent that has been widely used in the diagnoses of airway narrowing and hyperresponsiveness (Jonasson et al., 2009). MCh induces muscle contractions by stimulating the muscarinic cholinergic receptors that are found in both the airways and the lung parenc
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Whichever interactions are formed between the DS domains
2021-04-20
Whichever interactions are formed between the DS domains and the collagen ligand, they are expected to lead to structural changes within the DDR dimer that are propagated across the cell membrane to result in DDR autophosphorylation (Noordeen et al., 2006). Tight coupling of the extracellular confor
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Introduction Excessive exposure to ultraviolet UV irradiatio
2021-04-20
Introduction Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation from the sun injures human skin, which might lead to premature aging and skin pathologies [1], [2]. Chronic exposure to UV (especially ultraviolet-B, UVB) irradiation could profoundly affect the skin epidermis, interfering with the ker
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Methods br Results br Discussion
2021-04-20
Methods Results Discussion It is well established that CRSwNP is characterized by TH2 inflammation and eosinophilia.22, 27 Yet it is becoming increasingly apparent that B cells might play an important role in the inflammatory response within the sinus tissue of patients with CRSwNP.8, 9 The l
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br Coactivator Binding Sets APC C Catalytic
2021-04-20
Coactivator Binding Sets APC/C Catalytic Core in Motion A coactivator not only recruits substrates to APC/C [18] (Figure 3B), but also stimulates repositioning of the catalytic core 19, 24. High-resolution cryo-EM maps of apo forms of APC/C without a coactivator show the catalytic core and platfo
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Ubiquitination can occur on a single monoubiquitination or s
2021-04-20
Ubiquitination can occur on a single (monoubiquitination) or several (multiubiquitination) lysine residues, or the same lysine residue can be subjected to several rounds of Ub conjugation (polyubiquitination). Ub bonds within polyUb chains are formed through 1 of 7 lysine residues in Ub, and the typ
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FOX proteins constitute a large class of
2021-04-20
FOX proteins constitute a large class of transcription factors with multiple functions, from development and organogenesis to regulation of metabolic and immune functions. The Fox transcription factor is characterized by a 100-amino-acid wing helix or forkhead DNA-binding domain. In addition, the FO
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Based on the similar activities
2021-04-20
Based on the similar activities of Rad6p and Cdc34p (i.e., both are E2 ub-conjugating enzymes) on ubiquitinylation of p33 replication protein, we propose that Rad6p and the plant Ubc2p mono- and bi-ubiquitinate the viral replication proteins in order to facilitate the recruitment of the cellular ESC
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Compound was synthesized by the directed
2021-04-20
Compound () was synthesized by the directed -metallation procedure (DOM) at the stage of the amide using butyl lithium and dry ice as CO source for the introduction of the carboxylic group. Thiophene amides were prepared from commercial 3-thiophenecarboxylic caged compounds by conversion into the
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The focus of this review is on the diacylglycerol
2021-04-20
The focus of this review is on the diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT, EC 2.3.1.20) enzymes, DGAT1 and DGAT2, that catalyze the esterification of a fatty acyl moiety to a DAG molecule to produce TAG. These enzymes commit DAG to being stored as TAG rather than being diverted for the synthesis of ph
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