• br Conflict of interest statement br

  2019-12-19

  

  Conflict of interest statement Acknowledgement The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n° 278742 (Eurosarc) Introduction Pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma/epithelioid sarcoma-like

• Mammalian cells contain significant amounts of

  2019-12-19

  

  Mammalian cells contain significant amounts of a relatively lesser known enzyme that shows marked specifity for ether lipids containing AA and other 20–22 carbon fatty acids. This enzyme is called CoA-independent transacylase (CoA-IT), and transfers polyunsaturated moieties of 20–22 carbons, typical

• br In some but not all human vessels a small

  2019-12-19

  

  In some, but not all, human vessels, a small population of ETB (usually iwr with atherosclerotic lesions did not show any increase. In agreement, in experimental medicine studies in both heart failure patients and volunteer controls, selective ETA antagonism (BQ123) caused the expected potent vas

• The discoidin domain receptors DDR and DDR are receptor

  2019-12-19

  

  The discoidin domain receptors, DDR1 and DDR2, are receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) that are stimulated by collagen in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Unlike most other RTKs, they form ligand-independent stable dimers that are non-covalently linked. This ECM activation induces receptor phosphorylati

• Central to the mechanism of cold I R associated

  2019-12-19

  

  Central to the mechanism of cold I/R-associated liver injury is the activation of the pro-inflammatory cascade resulting in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In agreement with the present study, serum and hepatic mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and ICAM-1 were all significantly up-regulated ear

• The generation of ROS in

  2019-12-19

  

  The generation of ROS, in addition to eliciting oxidative stress, is an important proapoptotic signal (Ott et al., 2007). Apoptosis is clearly associated with the production of ROS, since ROS generation occurs in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and disturbs mitochondrial homeostasis, which plays

• Why are Tfh cell dynamics so fundamentally

  2019-12-19

  

  Why are Tfh cell dynamics so fundamentally different in naive and immune animals? Initially, GC Direct Mouse Genotyping Kit must pass stringent affinity and specificity checkpoints to ensure only high-affinity non-self-reactive cells are selected. Therefore, restricting primary Tfh cells with the gr

• The molecular mechanisms regulating the differentiation of

  2019-12-19

  

  The molecular mechanisms regulating the differentiation of Th1 versus Tfh VX765 from IL-12-stimulated CD4+ T cells remain largely uncharacterized in humans. This topic has been extensively studied in mice (Weinmann, 2014), because IL-12 stimulation promotes mouse naive CD4+ T cells to express both

• Two photon microscopy experiments demonstrated that most con

  2019-12-19

  

  Two-photon microscopy experiments demonstrated that most contacts between GC B and Tfh cells are of short duration (about 2 min), and only about 4% of these contacts lead to the formation of stable conjugates (5 to 60 min) (Allen et al., 2007). Similarly, during extrinsic peptide stimulation, some r

• br Materials and methods br Results

  2019-12-19

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion The investigation of oxysterols is highly complex and challenging, arising not only from the large number of molecules in this family, but also due to their low abundance in biological systems compared to cholesterol and their susceptibility for auto

• Itch also known as astrophin interacting protein AIP is a

  2019-12-19

  

  Itch, also known as astrophin-1 interacting protein-4 (AIP4), is a HECT domain-E3 ligase. It was discovered in 1998 in mouse coat color genetic studies which displayed the disruption caused by the Itch gene inducing a lethal autoimmune inflammatory condition. The substrates of Itch are transmembrane

• Oysters belong to the second largest animal phylum Mollusca

  2019-12-19

  

  Oysters belong to the second largest animal phylum Mollusca, and they are globally distributed aquaculture animals (Wang et al., 2018). A number of studies have demonstrated that oysters have evolved an integrated and complex innate immune system to recognize and eliminate various invaders. An array

• br Introduction Protein modification by ubiquitin

  2019-12-19

  

  Introduction Protein modification by ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins is one of the most common and important regulatory mechanisms in biology (Finley et al., 2004, Pickart, 2004). Ubiquitination is carried out by an enzymatic cascade consisting of three steps. In the first step, ubiquitin i

• The cytoplasmic domain of classical cadherins is

  2019-12-18

  

  The cytoplasmic domain of classical cadherins is highly conserved and can interact with different cytosolic proteins. Typically this domain is associated with catenin family members, including p120 catenin, β-catenin, and α-catenin, which form a cadherin-catenin complex (Fig. 1). The catenin family

• br TRIM TIF A RNF TRIM contains a RING both

  2019-12-18

  

  TRIM24 (TIF1A, RNF82) TRIM24 contains a RING-both B-boxes-coiled coil conserved structure at the N-terminus with bromo and PHD domains prior to C-terminal end (Fig. 3). This transcriptional intermediary factor is well studied in the context of transcriptional activation of nuclear receptor via ac

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